To open an image: –

File >open (Ctrl + O) or
- Double click on the blank area
Select an image
Click on ok.

Resize images

Choose Image > Image Size. (Ctrl + Alt + I)
To change the unit of measurement for the pixel dimension, click the triangle next to Dimensions and choose from the menu.
To maintain the original ratio of width to height measurement, make sure that the Constrain Proportions option is enabled. If you want to scale the width and height independently of each other, click the Constrain Proportions icon to unlink them.
Note: You can change the unit of measurement for width and height by choosing from the menus to the right of the Width and Height text boxes.
To change the image size or resolution and allow the total number of pixels to adjust proportionately, make sure that Re sample is selected.
To change the image size or resolution without changing the total number of pixels in the image, deselect Re sample.

To duplicate an image: –

Go to Image menu > Duplicate.
In your Layers Panel, Right click, then choose Duplicate
holding down the ALT key, click on the layer from layer panel and drag it up/down
Hold down the ALT key. Left click on the object within your document and drag it away from the original object,
In the Layers Panel, click on the layer and drag to the New Layer Icon.
In the Layers Panel, click on the layer you would like to duplicate, and hit Control + J on your keyboard.

To place an image into the new document:

Create a new document (Ctrl + N)
Open an image (Ctrl + O)
Make a marquee selection over an image (if necessary)
Click on move tool (V)
Click and drag selected image into new document.

What affects file size?

File size depends on the pixel dimensions of an image and the number of layers it contains. Images with more pixels may produce more detail when printed, but they require more disk space to store and may be slower to edit and print. You should keep track of your file sizes to make sure the files are not becoming too large for your purposes. If the file is becoming too large, reduce the number of layers in the image or change the image size.

View the print size on screen

Choose View > Print Size.
Select the Hand tool or Zoom tool and click Print Size in the options bar.

Viewing multiple images

Choose Window > Arrange > New Window For [Image File Name].
If you want to arrange the windows, choose Window > Arrange and then choose one of the following:
Cascade: Displays undocked windows stacked and cascading from the upper-left to the lower right of the screen.
Tile: Displays windows edge to edge. As you close images, the open windows are resized to fill the available space.
Float in Window: Allows image to float freely.
Float All in Windows: Floats all images.
Consolidate All to Tabs: Shows one image in full screen and minimizes the other images to tabs.

Eye dropper tool ( I ): –

This tool lets you sample the color pixel of an image.

Open an image
Click on the eyedropper tool
Sample (click) the required color pixel
Sample color pixel will visible in the foreground color
Now you can paint the sample color pixel

Color Sample tool: –

This tool lets you to sample the Ten different color pixels of an image

Click on color sample tool
Sample (click) the four different color pixels
Appears Info Palette
(It shows the information of color cursor position width height etc)

Measure tool (I): –

Measure tool lets you to measure the distance of an image

Click on measure tool
Click and drag over an image to measure
Shows information in option bar and in info palette

Color swatches

Choose Window > Swatches
Swatches can hold recent 16 color
Selecting any color form eyedropper tool, it will appear to swatches panel
Select required color and Drag to the Delete icon to delete it
Choose Save Swatches from the Swatches panel menu.
Choose a location for the swatch library, enter a filename, and click Save.
Choose Load Swatches from the Swatches panel menu to load swatches.

Delete Color from swatches

Open swatches panel
Press Alt key and click color which you want to delete
And drag it to delete icon.
Or
Go to Preset Manger from swatches panel menu
Select all unwanted color from palate
Click on delete.

Crop tool(C)

The Crop Tool Use the Crop tool to draw a rectangular selection around the part of the image that you want to keep.

To Crop a photo

select the Crop Tool from toolbar.
Draw a new cropping area or drag the corner and edge handles to specify the crop boundaries in your photo.
Press Enter to crop the photo.

To straighten a photo while cropping:

Place the pointer a little outside the corner handles and drag to rotate the image. A grid displays inside the crop box and the image rotates behind it.
Click Straighten in the control bar and then using the Straighten tool, draw a reference line to straighten the photo. For example, draw a line along the horizon or an edge to straighten the image along it.

Transform perspective while cropping

To correct image perspective, hold down the Crop tool and select the Perspective Crop tool .
Draw a marquee around the distorted object. Match the edges of the marquee to the rectangular edges of the object.
Press Enter to complete the perspective crop.

Resize the canvas using the Crop tool

Select the Crop Tool from toolbar. Crop borders display on the edges of the image.
Drag the crop handles outwards to enlarge the canvas.
Press Enter to confirm the action.

Erase tool (E): –

Erase tool lets you to erase the layer content

Select the required layer content
Click on erase tool
Define its options from the option bar.
Click and drag to erase the layer content
Note: – You can’t erase / delete the background layer, so convert the background layer into normal layer Double click on the background layer.

Magic Erase tool (E): –

Magic Erase tool lets you to erase the similar color pixel of an image

Open an image
Click on magic erase tool
Options: –
Tolerance: – Define the range of color pixel to erase.
- More value: – More range
- Less value: – Less range
- Anti – aliased On— Smoothness
- Contiguous On —- Erase the contiguous pixel only within the area
- Contiguous Off —–Erase the sample color (Click) pixel of whole image
- Opacity —— Define opacity
Click on to the required color pixel to erase.
Note: – Use this tool on the same background color only.

Back ground Erase tool: –

Background Erase tool lets you to erase the color. It converts the background layer into normal layer.

Open an image
Click on background erase tool
Option: –
Sampling- Contiguous—- Erase all selected color pixel
Once: –
Erase the first sampled (click) color pixel only
Background Swatch: –
Erase the selected background color.
Protect Foreground color if it is (on) It protects the fore ground color.
Tolerance: –
Define the range to erase more value less value less range.
Click and drag to erase the required color pixel.

Colour

Light comes to Earth from the sun in waves. Some of the waves are longer. Some of the waves are shorter. We see the waves as the colours of the rainbow. Each colour has a different wavelength. Red has the longest wavelength. Violet has the shortest wavelength. When all the waves are seen together, they make white light.

Primary Colors, Secondary and Tertiary colors

Primary Colors:

Red, Yellow and Blue

Secondary Colors

Yellow + Red = ORANGE
Red + Blue = PURPLE
Blue + Yellow = GREEN

Tertiary Colors are the In-Betweens

Yellow + Orange = YELLOW/ORANGE
Red + Orange = RED/ORANGE
Red + Purple = RED/PURPLE
Blue + Purple = BLUE/PURPLE
Blue + Green = BLUE/GREEN
Yellow + Green = YELLOW/GREEN

Color Mod: –

R.G.B

R Red (0 -255)

G Green (0 -255)

B Blue (0 -255)

RGB Contain 24 bit (each channel Contains 8 Bit)

RGB Color mod is used in web page designing Multimedia, CD presentation but not for printing media. We can create 16.7 million colors with R.G.B.

C.M.Y.K: –

C Cyan (Blue + Green)

M Magenta (Red + Blue)

Y Yellow (Red + Green)

K Black.

C.M.Y.K Contains 32 bit it is also known as color separation and it is used for printing media.

Lab Color mode

Based on the human perception of color

L Red (0 -100) Lightness

A Green (-128 -127) Green to Red axis

B Blue (-128 -127) Blue to Yellow axis

Gray Scale: –

Black and White color it contains 8 bit.

Different shades of gray in an image.

0 (black) to 255 (white).

Bitmap mode

Bitmap mode uses one of two color values (black or white)

Gradient tool (G): –

Gradient tool lets you to fill multi-mode color.
Click on gradient tool
Option: –
Select the required gradient preset

Types of gradient: –

Liner Gradient
Radial Gradient
Angle Gradient
Reflect Gradient
Diamond Gradient

Making a Snooker Ball: –

Create a new document (Ctrl + N)
Create a new layer Ctrl + Shift + N)
Make a perfect circular selection (Press Alt + Shift key)
Select the foreground color white and background color Red.
Gradient type Radial Reverse – on
Click and drag from the middle of the circle.

To create a new Gradient: –

Click on gradient tool
Click on gradient Edit gradient (on the option bar)
Appears gradient editor window
Click to add color stop
Click on the color stop
Select the required color
To remove the color stop, click and drag out side the bar

To make a Transparent Gradient: –

Open Gradient Editor window
Select opacity stop
Define the opacity
Click on New button to all
Click on ok
Check on the transparency –on.
Click and drag.

Making a Cigrate: –

Create New document
Create New layer
Type the layer name e.g. (stick)
Make the rectangular marquee selection
Click on Gradient tool
Edit Gradient
g. black, white black.
Press Shift key click and drag
Click and drag
Click on rectangular marquee tool
Make a filter in a new layer.
Change the blending mode e.g. multiply
Click on brush tool load calligraphic brush
Select the light yellow color as a foreground
Click on the filter
Select layer blending mod – multiply.

Paint Bucket tool (G): –

Paint bucket lets you to fill the selected Foreground color or pattern.

Option: –
Fill
Foreground: – Fills the selected foreground color
Pattern: –
Fills the selected pattern.

Blending modes

Normal: This is the default mode.
Dissolve: The result color is a random replacement of the pixels with the base color or the blend color, depending on the opacity at any pixel location.
Darken: Pixels lighter than the blend color are replaced, and pixels darker than the blend color do not change.
Multiply: Multiplies the base color by the blend color. The result color is always a darker color. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the color unchanged.
Color Burn: Darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the contrast between the two. Blending with white produces no change.
Linear Burn: Darkens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing the brightness. Blending with white produces no change.
Lighten: Selects the base or blend color—whichever is lighter—as the result color. Pixels darker than the blend color are replaced, and pixels lighter than the blend color do not change.
Screen: Multiplies the inverse of the blend and base colors. The result color is always a lighter color. Screening with black leaves the color unchanged. Screening with white produces white.
Color Dodge: Brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by decreasing contrast between the two. Blending with black produces no change.
Linear Dodge (Add): Brightens the base color to reflect the blend color by increasing the brightness. Blending with black produces no change.
Overlay: The base color is not replaced, but mixed with the blend color to reflect the lightness or darkness of the original color.
Soft Light: Darkens or lightens the colors, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened as if it were dodged. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened as if it were burned in.
Hard Light: If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened, as if it were screened. This is useful for adding highlights to an image. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened, as if it were multiplied. This is useful for adding shadows to an image. .
Vivid Light: Burns or dodges the colors by increasing or decreasing the contrast, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened by decreasing the contrast. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened by increasing the contrast.
Linear Light: Burns or dodges the colors by decreasing or increasing the brightness, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, the image is lightened by increasing the brightness. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, the image is darkened by decreasing the brightness.
Pin Light: Replaces the colors, depending on the blend color. If the blend color (light source) is lighter than 50% gray, pixels darker than the blend color are replaced, and pixels lighter than the blend color do not change. If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, pixels lighter than the blend color are replaced, and pixels darker than the blend color do not change. This is useful for adding special effects to an image.
Hard Mix: Adds the red, green and blue channel values of the blend color to the RGB values of the base color. If the resulting sum for a channel is 255 or greater, it receives a value of 255; if less than 255, a value of 0. Therefore, all blended pixels have red, green, and blue channel values of either 0 or 255. This changes all pixels to primary additive colors (red, green, or blue), white, or black.
Difference: Subtracts either the blend color from the base color or the base color from the blend color, depending on which has the greater brightness value. Blending with white inverts the base color values; blending with black produces no change.
Exclusion: Creates an effect similar to but lower in contrast than the Difference mode. Blending with white inverts the base color values. Blending with black produces no change.
Subtract: Subtracts the blend color from the base color any resulting negative values are clipped to zero.
Divide: Divides the blend color from the base color.
Hue: Creates a result color with the luminance and saturation of the base color and the hue of the blend color.
Saturation: Creates a result color with the luminance and hue of the base color and the saturation of the blend color. Painting with this mode in an area with no (0) saturation (gray) causes no change.
Color: Creates a result color with the luminance of the base color and the hue and saturation of the blend color. This preserves the gray levels in the image and is useful for coloring monochrome images and for tinting color images.
Luminosity: Creates a result color with the hue and saturation of the base color and the luminance of the blend color. This mode creates the inverse effect of Color mode.